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The History of European Roulette

Thursday 20th of November 2008    
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The history of Roulette is extremely murky simply because the origins of the game are more rooted in mythology than fact. The stories range from attempts to create perpetual motion machines all the way to deals with the devil. It is hard to believe the amount of Legend that surrounds a simple gaming wheel.

The origins may be lost forever, but there are some assumptions we can make. The wheel was the first invention. People by their very nature have always liked games. I'm sure after some stone-aged man carved out the first wheel, it wasn't long before they were playing games with it.

By the 17th and 18th centuries in Europe early versions of a wheel and spinning ball were already established in gaming halls. The first games of modern roulette were active in Paris casinos around the end of the 18th century. This looked remarkably like the version we are all familiar with, with the one exception, the single zero was red while the double zero was black. This led to some confusion for players. To eliminate any sort of confusion the zero and double zero were changed to the color green.

In the middle of the 19th century, a new development in roulette made it friendlier toward the player. The French had come up with a single zero version of the game. The result was that casino's edge was reduced and made winning easier for the player.

While these advances in gaming were happening in France, Germany was outlawing gambling. Louis Blanc left Germany at the request of the good people of Monaco and established a casino there. Blanc’s casino was the benchmark for roulette in Europe. In fact roulette remained exclusive to Monte Carlo until 1933.

The double zero roulette wheels became a staple of the gaming industry in the United States and is often referred to as the "American Wheel". The single zero wheel grew in popularity in Europe and made its double zero cousin extinct in that part of the world. The double zero wheels in Europe and has become known as the "French Wheel" in roulette history.
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